![]() New buildings with a total floor area of more than 21,527 square feet will, depending on their size, have to cover from 20 to 60 percent of their roofs with vegetation. This year Toronto became the first city in the Western Hemisphere to mandate green roofs. Liptan figures that if half the roofs in the city were green, Portland would reduce its storm water burden by some 3 billion gallons, a quarter of the rainfall that hits the city’s roofs annually. If we trap it on the roofs, we don’t have to build bigger pipes to carry it or cisterns to store it for treatment.” We were trying to find a way to reduce the burden on the city. “It was a cost/benefit evaluation,” says Liptan. In Portland, Oregon, the city provides incentive grants of $5 per square foot for what they call “eco-roofs.” There’s no limit on the size of the roof, but Tom Liptan, a storm water specialist with the city, says that most of the grants have so far gone to homeowners or to buildings in the commercial district. In Europe, Stuttgart and Copenhagen have begun to mandate green roofs on most new construction. added 190,000 square feet in 2009 and has set a goal of 20 percent green roof coverage by 2020. city, last year added 600,000 square feet of green roofs and has some 600 projects that will bring its total to 7 million square feet. ![]() Although initially more expensive than standard asphalt or shingle roofs, green roofs offer major environmental and economic advantages, from slashing storm water runoff and energy costs, to cooling overheated cities and cleaning their air.Ĭhicago, which now has more green roofs than any other U.S. The sprouting of a large, living roof in midtown Manhattan is a sign that this universally lauded green practice, which has spread rapidly across Europe, is now gaining a serious foothold in the U.S. Postal Service estimates that the plants’ ability to cool the roof in summer and insulate it in winter will reduce the building’s energy costs by $30,000 a year. Since the roof has been installed, the building’s storm water runoff into the New York municipal water system has been reduced by as much as 75 percent in summer and 40 percent in winter. The plants’ size and modest requirements, however, belie their substantial biological capacities and environmental benefits. ![]() ![]() The vegetation is a densely planted assemblage of some 25 hardy, low-growing species that have thrived in their few inches of planting material. The 2.5-acre park on the Morgan Processing and Distribution facility is the biggest green roof in New York. ![]()
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![]() There are several citation styles available, including MLA, APA, and Chicago.įor this tutorial, we will use MLA as an example. Its overall design works to your advantage as it allows you to save time on detailed configurations.Before you start formatting your Works Cited page, you need to choose a citation style. The template gallery has plenty of examples for other formats too, hence the reason why the app is so simplified in terms of custom formatting options. All you have to do is type in your text, save, and upload or print the document. The app does the bulk of the work for you. ConclusionĪs you can see, there’s really nothing to it when it comes to using MLA formatting in Google Docs. That’s why starting a new document from the MLA format template is the best way to go when writing an academic research paper or essay. Yet making small adjustments to formatting in Google Docs can still be time-consuming and unintuitive. If you want to manually add headers, you can do it from the Insert menu.The running head should be placed one inch from the top and one inch from the right.The running head should contain the author’s last name and page number.Title should be centered and capitalized. ![]() The header should contain author name, instructor name, course number, and date each on its own line with double spacing in between.Leave only one space after punctuation marks.Times New Roman 12pt is the preferred font and size.Start paragraphs with an indent of half an inch.If you do want to manually input formatting rules, here are the things you have to keep in mind: You can then delete the template text and start typing in your document and Google Docs will stick to the MLA formatting rules. ![]() Click on the MLA report as shown in the above picture. Scroll down until you reach the Education section. Then start a new document from a template. Yet with Google Docs you can easily apply this format to a new document by using the template gallery.įirst bring up Google Docs and click on the ‘File’ button. How to apply MLA format to Google Docsįormatting your document with MLA rules by hand can be tedious, especially if you don’t have your cheat sheet with all the specifics on hand. It’s also important to use the MLA formatting template to properly highlight the author, date, field of study or topic, as well as the advisor on the paper, on the first page. If you don’t use it, your document might not meet the submission requirements. For academic essays or research papers it’s a universally accepted standard format. It’s also important if you want to make in-text citations. Why use MLA formatting in Google Docs?Īs mentioned, the main purpose of MLA formatting is making a document easier to read, due to its spacing rules. In Google Docs, this type of formatting can be configured manually or applied as a standard template, the latter being the easier and recommended route. ![]() ![]() The association designed it for scholars, students, and researchers in literature fields, yet more fields have adopted the format for its uniformity and ease of reading a document. Its purpose is to make papers and assignments easier to read. MLA formatting is a specific format developed by the Modern Language Association. ![]() ![]() ![]() Noemí Pinilla-Alonso said astronomy is based on patience and collaboration. All important to understand why our solar system turned out the way it did.” Spitzer was not only great for the solar system, but it was great for studying exoplanets, great for studying planet formation, and great for studying star formation. More philosophically, Spitzer has brought us closer to those big questions about why the solar system and Earth are here in the first place. “These space telescopes are taxpayer-funded, after all. “I think these papers demonstrate the return on investment for Spitzer,” Fernandez said. UCF Professor Yan Fernandez, who specializes in comets, said the papers include some of the projects he is most proud off in his career. The much-delayed JWST, which will likewise study the infrared cosmos, is expected to build on the extensive results provided by Spitzer, including taking the next step in our study of the solar system. Spitzer even managed to discover a new ring of Saturn. Thanks to observations by Spitzer over the years, scientists gained new insights into, for example, the composition of comets, the icy surfaces of cold, distant bodies beyond Neptune, the heat radiation given off by asteroids, the extent of free-floating dust in the inner solar system, and the composition and properties of the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune. When Spitzer launched in 2003 it contained infrared detectors of unprecedented sensitivity, providing astronomers a never-before-possible look at the universe. The team includes three University of Central Florida researchers, who offer suggestions for the next space telescope mission.ĭavid Trilling, a planetary scientist and professor at Northern Arizona University, is the lead author on the second paper. The authors were selected based on the significant discoveries they made using Spitzer during its 16-year mission. ![]() Lisse, a planetary astronomer passionately interested in how our solar system formed and evolved, put together the team of 27 authors who penned the legacy papers. Lisse, from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, lead author of one paper. “The Spitzer Space Telescope made many important discoveries in the solar system during its 16 year-long mission, and it is important to capture the highlights of these with useful reference, to see how modern astronomy advances and for future scientists to use in their research,” says Carey M. Then explore the cosmos with the Spitzer Space Telescope with this immersive “Exoplanet Excursions” VR experience, a tour of the telescope’s prime years of data gathering.To understand the significance of the Spitzer Space Telescope on the understanding of our solar system, think of what the steam engine meant for the industrial revolution.Ī national team of scientists today published in the journal Nature Astronomy two papers that provide an inventory of the major discoveries made possible thanks to Spitzer and offer guidance on where the next generation of explorers should point the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) when it launches in October 2021. You can recreate Herschel’s experiment yourself with a box, a prism, three thermometers, and a few other common supplies. He hypothesized that there must be more light beyond the color red that we simply could not see with our own eyes. Unexpectedly, he found the thermometer showed a rise in temperature, even when placed in the dark area beyond the edge of the red light. He split light into a rainbow (called a spectrum) by passing sunlight through a prism, and then placed a thermometer in different colors in that spectrum. Sir William Herschel first discovered infrared light in 1800. Infrared light falls just outside the visible spectrum, beyond the edge of what we can see as red. But visible light, the only light our eyes can see, makes up just a tiny sliver of all the light in the world around us. ![]() When we think of light, we may imagine the glare of the Sun on a summer day, or the soft glow of a light bulb at night. This comic book style animation from NASA introduces the team, highlighting Spitzer, which was retired on January 30th, 2020 after 16 years, 800,000 celestial targets, 36 million raw images, and 265,704,154 kilometers (165,100,907 miles) of travel from Earth.įrom its 2003 launch to 2009, when its liquid helium coolant ran out, Spitzer Space Telescope revealed a side of the universe we’d never seen thanks to its ability to see infrared light. Known as the Great Observatories, NASA’s space telescope ‘super team’ includes the Hubble Space Telescope, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope. ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() This application can be used to make calls to those devices which are not connected to the Internet as well. This can also be used to make calls around the world over landlines as well as over mobile phones. It can also be used to make calls instantly. WeChat is completely mobile based application. You can use the same application to send and receive pictures as well. Find your Facebook friends directly and with them you can plan anything you want to a meeting or anything such. You can add your location as on your map as well to it. With it,you can only make calls and message with those instantly who has Internet connections on with them. You can use this ooVoo alternative to message your friends,you can even create groups of friends for online group chats. And as well as now it is being used to make voice calls. This application is also useful for image sharing and video sharing.įacebook Messanger is a faster way to message. This easily gets synchronized with your phone and mobile contacts. For this application,the phone number is your ID. You can also use this application to make calls to non Viber users. There are more than 450 million users of this application. This is also free ooVoo alternative available in so many platforms. It's the best professional application you can have. It can be easily applied to almost all of the professional industries. It also gives you some additional features like content sharing,meeting scheduling,online whiteboard and more. Screen sharing is also one of the powerful feature comes with it. It comes with high-definition video and audio. Through this,you can convert one to one and group video conference calls effortlessly. You can connect with up to 99 participants over video conference for free,and connect with up to 499 participants with its paid plan. It is one of the world leading video conferencing solutions. It is also available in almost all the platforms. It can be considered as good for making Google video conference calls with up to 10 people in your contacts.ĮzTalks Cloud Meeting is one of the most competitive alternative for ooVoo. ![]() It is also integrated with almost all the Google services,such as Gmail,Google+,Google chrome. It is the most reliable application also synchronizes with all the devices instantly. This is completely free over almost all say iOS,Android,and web. This alternative to ooVoo is offered by Google,so you can understand the obvious reason. It is also one of the most intelligent one as well. Hangouts can be concerned as one of the most popular application. It also offers Skype group video call to enable you to have video communications with colleagues or friends remotely. Group chat is also a big thing provided by it. You can use it to connect to your friends,colleagues and any of the contact through it instantly. It is also being used for professional use as well all over the world. Skype gives almost all the similar options to ooVoo. It is used as the most popular application all over the world. SkypeIt is one of the most famous ooVoo alternatives. Apart from ooVoo,there are so many ooVoo alternatives available in the market. With its help,you can connect with all of your friends. It is one of the best for the messaging application. It is available in Google Play store,Apple App Store and almost all such. OoVoo is an app available on every platform. ![]() ![]() William inquires about Felicity's whereabouts since she sent these messages, but FELICITY IS DEAD (but probably not, let's be honest). Turns out, "Star City fell when The Glades rose." Apparently someone Black Canary only refers to as "they" built a wall and established borders. Roy mentions he "doesn't forgive so easily" and Dinah confirms the beef when she sasses him about why he returned. She clearly does not like Roy, and something definitely went down between he and Team Arrow. But future Black Canary (Dinah Drake version) pops in. William cracks a code Felicity left for him within a Rubix Cube, and discovers a secret map of the Glades. The coordinates in the Hozen are different, and lead the pair to the abandoned Smoak Tech headquarters. Roy and William are back in Star City after the rendezvous on Lian Yu. Roy gets a very concerning look on his face, closes his eyes, turns to William, burns the note and says, "Grab your stuff we are going back to Star City." "I can't even shoot an arrow, why would Felicity want me to have this?" William asks Roy, who grabs the bow and opens a note in a secret compartment on the side. ![]() It's actually where Oliver buried his bow and arrow. Roy actually suggests throwing the Hozen in the ocean and "never looking back," which confirms that whatever Felicity and Oliver are up to, he's not aware of, especially considering the next bit of dialogue.īen Lewis as future William on "Arrow" Season 7. So the question is, why would Felicity send William to Lian Yu? This suggests Oliver and Felicity didn't just "leave" William like William said there's more to this story. I opened it up, and I found this: GPS coordinates for Lian Yu," William tells Roy. "I thought it was bulls**t," William says, referring to the Hozen, "but three weeks ago it started to beep. William says, "Yeah I survived," which does imply some sort of tragedy as the reason for their abandonment. William also refers to an "ex-boyfriend" and says he has commitment issues because Felicity and Oliver "left him." This suggests Oliver and Felicity have been out of William's life for a decent amount of time, though the context and exact time frame is still unclear. That incident marks not only his mother's death, but the day he started living with Oliver. He's referring to the Season 5 finale episode, where Adrian Chase sets off explosions across the island. ![]() William confirms the last time he was on Lian Yu was the day his mother died. ![]() Oliver has passed this heirloom down through generations. ![]() ![]() ![]() As such, I had ample opportunities to test these: through light springtime mists, end-of-summer rain storms, dewy, early-fall mornings and mid-winter downpours, which we got in lieu of snow. Pittsburgh, where I live, and where I tested these boots, gets a lot of rain. Again, this is partly my own doing by suffering through what I'd assume is the wrong size, but I'm sure I'm not alone - hence this warning. During the first half-dozen wears, my heel consistently lifted out of the cup and rubbed on the rear spine, causing red spot that came just short of becoming a painful blister. With sizing issues comes shifting, which causes blisters. Those early pairs came apart, but this incident spurred perhaps the brand's most popular design feature - maybe behind the duckbill toe, though. As early prototypes, they came without Bean's now-famous triple-line stitching finish, which secures the rubber outsole to the leather upper. He grew tired of traditional boots that'd get soggy in the sole, therefore combining the comfortability of rubber-soled shoes with the durability promised by leather uppers.Īs the story famously goes, though, 90 of the first 100 boots sold were returned. (They're really just rain boots, though.) The brand's founder, Leon Leonwood Bean, first stitched them together for his own journeys, but eventually sold 100 pairs to close friends and family members - as well as others in Maine. Bean's iconic Bean Boots were then called the Maine Hunting Shoe, but have since adopted more colloquial catch-alls: Bean Boots or Duck Boots, for short. Bean Bean Boots: Testing Notes They're an iconic product with a timeless look.įirst built in 1912, L.L. Finding the right fit can prove difficult and may require wearing double socks. ![]() Heeled outsole is a little wobbly to walk in. ![]() ![]() ![]() You can use End Stone to make another white block, End Stone Brick. If it’s too soon for you to go and fight the End Dragon, you can always use commands to get there (as explained in Everything about End Rod). You can find plenty of End Stone in the End. You can also use Bone Meal on normal Mushrooms to make them grow into Huge Mushrooms: You can find Huge Mushrooms in Dark Forest and Mushroom Fields biomes. The only way to get Mushroom Stem blocks is by breaking a Huge Mushroom (see more: How to get Mushroom blocks in Minecraft?). Otherwise you can put together 4 Strings, that you can get by killing Spiders or by breaking Cobwebs while using a Sword (related topic: Do Spiders take fall damage in Minecraft?). You can get it as loot when you kill Sheeps. White Wool is probably the first block of this list that you are going to get through a Minecraft run, since it is part of the Bed recipe. Then you can use White Dye to get White Terracotta. ![]() ![]() You can also smelt Clay (which you can find underwater, close to shores) in a Furnace to obtain regular Terracotta (related to Clay: How to find Diamonds in Minecraft with the Clay trick ) You can find plenty of White Terracotta in Badlands biomes. It made it to the list just because its name says “white”, but it actually looks quite pink if compared to the other blocks. You can craft Bone blocks by putting 9 Bone Meals in the Crafting Table.īone blocks naturally generate in Desert, Swamp and Soul Sand Valley biomes (the last one is in the Nether) as part of fossil structures.Īs you can see from the first of the screenshots above, Bone blocks show a different look on their top and bottom sides (but you can also place them horizontally to change the way they will look). It can also be used to obtain White Dye (through crafting, as you can see below), which is what we are interested in now: in this article we are going to see how to use White Dye to change the color of other blocks.īone Meal is obtained from Bones, which you will mostly get from killing Skeletons. Bone blocks come from Bone Meal, which is primarily used to make plants and vegetables grow faster. We are not seeing the Bone block first because of an alphabetic order. Some of them have also different variations, like Chiseled Quartz Block or End Stone Brick Slabs for example. Let’s start by showing them.įurther below you will see all of them better, from different points of view. We will also try to see how to obtain them and where they would fit best. Separating blocks by their colors is surely a good start and today we are going to check all the white blocks. But when we want to build and decorate, there is so much choice that it becomes difficult to focus. There are so many different blocks in Minecraft! When it comes to just play and survive, the blocks needed are pretty straightforward. ![]() ![]() If you do in fact think an air fryer might fit yours, read on for recommendations sourced from Mims and 12 other experts. It’s just about if it fits your cooking lifestyle.” You either take to it or you don’t (I have friends who love it, whereas I prefer to braise in a pot in the oven for four hours). I think of it as similar to the Instant Pot. “I was never on board with the air fryer fully replacing everything in your kitchen. “I use it as a kitchen helper,” Mims says. This is, of course, beneficial if you’re in a rush to eat, but also if you live in a small space and don’t want to make your kitchen unbearably warm, or want to pull together a quick snack, or reheat leftovers without a fuss. They cook foods way faster than a regular oven with very minimal preheating time, if any at all, to boot. Besides, with an air fryer, you’re taking ”that quality and putting it in a really small contraption, which magnifies it times ten,” says Ben Mims, a Los Angeles Times cooking columnist and author of a cookbook devoted to the appliance.Īir fryers can also be incredibly convenient. That’s because they’re essentially small convection ovens, meaning they have a fan and exhaust system that blows hot air all around your food for more even cooking and browning. ![]() But it turns out they also work magic on vegetables, proteins, baked goods, and toast. Yes, the classic snack-y, crunchy foods were what people talked about most when air fryers started rising in popularity several years ago (“it’s akin to deep frying without all the oil” is what I heard over and over again). But now, many interviews for this piece later (and testing one out myself), I more wholeheartedly understand their appeal. I used to be an air-fryer skeptic, believing them to be unnecessary, flashy appliances that were meant to make healthier versions of french fries, mozzarella sticks, and wings - and not useful for much else. ![]() ![]() ![]() And the redesigned user interface makes for a much easier and intuitive experience. We now take advantage of some of the latest visual technology to create beautifully detailed stars and planets, glowing craters, supernovas and much more. It also simulates detailed collisions, which includes cratering, shockwaves, and the explosion of fragments off into space. Universe Sandbox simulates climate, temperature, stellar evolution, and material composition. Universe Sandbox Legacy was primarily just a gravity simulator, but Universe Sandbox simulates a lot more than just the motion of objects. It is more accurate, more stable, and much faster. Universe Sandbox has been built from the ground up in a new game engine, Unit圓D. Head to our comparison page to see for yourself how different they look. This all makes for a much more enjoyable, interactive, and realistic experience. Universe Sandbox was built from the ground up and is faster, more stable, more intuitive, looks a lot prettier, and simulates more than just gravity. How is Universe Sandbox different from Universe Sandbox Legacy? Share & explore simulations on Steam Workshop.VR support for HTC Vive, Oculus Rift+Touch, & Windows Mixed Reality.Procedurally generated planets, stars, & galaxies. ![]() What new features are in Universe Sandbox? See our Support page or ask on the forum. Other distributions may work, but would likely require a bit of configuration and tinkering. ‡ Universe Sandbox officially supports the same Linux distributions supported by our development platform, Unity. † † Laptops or other computers that use integrated graphics (rather than dedicated graphics hardware) may have issues with Universe Sandbox even if they meet the video memory requirement. Users on 32-bit systems can still run previous updates. * A 64-bit version of Windows is required for Universe Sandbox updates after November 2018 (Update 22). HTC Vive, Oculus Rift+Touch, and Windows Mixed Reality are officially supported.įor VR system requirements, see recommendations from your headset manufacturer.
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